%PDF-1.3 %âãÏÓ 2 0 obj << /Length 102 >> stream BT /TT2 1 Tf 22.8 0 0 22.8 174.8098 620.8142 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (The Saga of Erik the Red)Tj ET endstream endobj 3 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Length 3535 >> stream BT /TT2 1 Tf 19 0 0 19 71 734.2 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (The Saga of Erik the Red)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 710 Tm (1880 translation into English by J. Sephton from the original Icelandic ’Eiríks saga rauða’.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 676 Tm (Chapter 1)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 651.8 Tm (Olaf, who was called Olaf the White, was styled a warrior king. He was the son of King Ingjald, the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (son of Helgi, the son of Olaf, the son of Gudred, the son of Halfdan Whiteleg, king of the Uplands \(in )Tj T* (Norway\).)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (He led a harrying expedition of sea-rovers into the west, and conquered Dublin, in Ireland, and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Dublinshire, over which he made himself king. He married Aud the Deep-minded, daughter of Ketil)Tj T* (Flatnose, son of Bjorn the Ungartered, a noble man from Norway. Their son was named Thorstein the )Tj T* (Red.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Olaf fell in battle in Ireland, and then Aud and Thorstein went into the Sudreyjar \(the Hebrides\). There)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Thorstein married Thorid, daughter of Eyvind the Easterling, sister of Helgi the Lean; and they had)Tj T* (many children.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Thorstein became a warrior king, and formed an alliance with Earl Sigurd the Great, son of Eystein the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Rattler. They conquered Caithness, Sutherland, Ross, and Moray, and more than half Scotland. Over)Tj T* (these Thorstein was king until the Scots plotted against him, and he fell there in battle.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Aud was in Caithness when she heard of Thorstein’s death. Then she caused a merchant-ship to be)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (secretly built in the wood, and when she was ready, directed her course out into the Orkneys. There)Tj T* (she gave in marriage Thorstein the Red’s daughter, Gro, who became mother of Grelad, whom Earl)Tj T* (Thorfinn, the Skullcleaver, married.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Afterwards Aud set out to seek Iceland, having twenty free men in her ship. Aud came to Iceland, and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (passed the first winter in Bjarnarhofn \(Bjornshaven\) with her brother Bjorn. Afterwards she occupied)Tj T* (all the Dale country between the Dogurdara \(day-meal river\) and the Skraumuhlaupsa \(river of the)Tj T* (giantess’s leap\), and dwelt at Hvamm. She had prayer meetings at Krossholar \(Crosshills\), where she)Tj T* (caused crosses to be erected, for she was baptised and deeply devoted to the faith. There came with her)Tj T* (to Iceland many men worthy of honour, who had been taken captive in sea-roving expeditions to the)Tj T* (west, and who were called bondmen.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (One of these was named Vifil; he was a man of high family, and had been taken captive beyond the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (western main, and was also called a bondman before Aud set him free. And when Aud granted)Tj T* (dwellings to her ship’s company, Vifil asked why she gave no abode to him like unto the others. Aud)Tj T* (replied, "That it was of no moment to him, for," she said, "he would be esteemed in whatever place he)Tj T* (was, as one worthy of honour." She gave him Vifilsdalr \(Vifilsdale\), and he dwelt there and married.)Tj T* (His sons were Thorbjorn and Thorgeir, promising men, and they grew up in their father’s house.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 169.0002 Tm (Chapter 2)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 144.8002 Tm (There was a man named Thorvald, the son of Asvald, the son of Ulf, the son of Yxna-Thoris. His son)Tj T* (was named Eirik. Father and son removed from Jadar \(in Norway\) to Iceland, because of)Tj T* (manslaughters, and occupied land in Hornstrandir, and dwelt at Drangar.)Tj ET endstream endobj 9 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Length 4114 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (There Thorvald died, and Eirik then married Thjodhild, daughter of Jorund, the son of Atli, and of)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Thorbjorg the Ship-breasted, whom afterwards Thorbjorn, of the Haukadalr \(Hawkdale\) family,)Tj T* (married; he it was who dwelt at Eiriksstadr after Eirik removed from the north. It is near Vatzhorn.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then did Eirik’s thralls cause a landslip on the estate of Valthjof, at Valthjofsstadr. Eyjolf the Foul, his)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (kinsman, slew the thralls beside Skeidsbrekkur \(slopes of the race-course\), above Vatzhorn. In return)Tj T* (Eirik slew Eyjolf the Foul; he slew also Hrafn the Dueller, at Leikskalar \(playbooths\). Gerstein, and)Tj T* (Odd of Jorfi, kinsman of Eyjolf, were found willing to follow up his death by a legal prosecution; and)Tj T* (then was Eirik banished from Haukadalr.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (He occupied then Brokey and Eyxney, and dwelt at Tradir, in Sudrey, the first winter. At this time did)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (he lend to Thorgest pillars for seat-stocks, Afterwards Eirik removed into Eyxney, and dwelt at)Tj T* (Eiriksstadr. He then claimed his pillars, and got them not. Then went Eirik and fetched the pillars from)Tj T* (Breidabolstadr, and Thorgest went after him. They fought at a short distance from the hay-yard at)Tj T* (Drangar, and there fell two sons of Thorgest, and some other men.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (After that they both kept a large body of men together. Styr gave assistance to Eirik, as also did Eyjolf,)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (of Sviney, Thorbjorn Vifilsson, and the sons of Thorbrand, of Alptafjordr \(Swanfirth\). But the sons of)Tj T* (Thord Gellir, as also Thorgeir, of Hitardalr \(Hotdale\), Aslak, of Langadalr \(Longdale\), and Illugi, his)Tj T* (son, gave assistance to Thorgest.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Eirik and his people were outlawed at Thorsnes Thing. He prepared a ship in Eiriksvagr \(creek\), and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Eyjolf concealed him in Dimunarvagr while Thorgest and his people sought him among the islands.)Tj T* (Eirik said to his people that he purposed to seek for the land which Gunnbjorn, the son of Ulf the)Tj T* (Crow, saw when he was driven westwards over the ocean, and discovered Gunnbjarnarsker)Tj T* (\(Gunnbjorn’s rock or skerry\). He promised that he would return to visit his friends if he found the)Tj T* (land. Thorbjorn, and Eyjolf, and Styr accompanied Eirik beyond the islands. They separated in the)Tj T* (most friendly manner, Eirik saying that he would be of the like assistance to them, if he should be able)Tj T* (so to be, and they should happen to need him.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then he sailed oceanwards under Snæfellsjokull \(snow mountain glacier\), and arrived at the glacier)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (called Blaserkr \(Blue-shirt\); thence he journeyed south to see if there were any inhabitants of the )Tj T* (country.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (He passed the first winter at Eiriksey, near the middle, of the Vestribygd \(western settlement\). The)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (following spring he proceeded to Eiriksfjordr, and fixed his abode there. During the summer he)Tj T* (proceeded into the unpeopled districts in the west, and was there a long time, giving names to the)Tj T* (places far and wide. The second winter he passed in Eiriksholmar \(isles\), off Hvarfsgnupr \(peak of)Tj T* (disappearance, Cape Farewell\); and the third summer he went altogether northwards, to Snæfell and)Tj T* (into Hrafnsfjordr \(Ravensfirth\); considering then that he had come to the head of Eiriksfjordr, he)Tj T* (turned back, and passed the third winter in Eiriksey, before the mouth of Eiriksfjordr.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Now, afterwards, during the summer, he proceeded to Iceland, and came to Breidafjordr \(Broadfirth\).)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (This winter he was with Ingolf, at Holmlatr \(Island-litter\). During the spring, Thorgest and he fought,)Tj T* (and Eirik met with defeat. After that they were reconciled. In the summer Eirik went to live in the land)Tj T* (which he had discovered, and which he called Greenland, "Because," said he, "men will desire much)Tj T* (the more to go there if the land has a good name.")Tj ET endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 15 0 obj << /Length 4004 >> stream BT /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 736.6 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (Chapter 3)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 712.4 Tm (Thorgeir Vifilsson married, and took to wife Arnora, daughter of Einar, from Laugarbrekka \(the slope)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (of the hot spring\), the son of Sigmund, the eon of Ketil-Thistil, who had occupied Thistilsfjordr.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (The second daughter of Einar was named Hallveig. Thorbjorn Vifilsson took her to wife, and received)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (with her the land of Laugarbrekka, at Hellisvollr \(the cave-hill\). To that spot Thorbjorn removed his)Tj T* (abode, and became great and worshipful. He was the temple-priest, and had a magnificent estate.)Tj T* (Thorbjorn’s daughter was Gudrid, the fairest of women, and of peerless nobility in all her conduct.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (There was a man named Orm, who dwelt at Arnarstapi \(eagle-rock\), and he had a wife who was)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (named Halldis. He was a well-to-do franklin, a great friend of Thorbjorn, and Gudrid lived at his house)Tj T* (as his foster-child for a long time.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (There was a man named Thorgeir, who dwelt at Thorgeirsfjall \(fell\). He was mighty rich in cattle, and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (had been made a freedman. He had a son, whose name was Einar, a handsome man, well mannered,)Tj T* (and a great dandy. Einar, at this time, was a travelling merchant, sailing from land to land with great)Tj T* (success; and he always passed his winter either in Iceland or in Norway.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Now after this, I have to tell how that one autumn, when Einar was in Iceland, he proceeded with his)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (wares along Snæfellsnes, with the object of selling; he came to Arnarstapi; Orm invited him to stay)Tj T* (there, and Einar accepted his invitation, because there was friendship between him and Orm’s people,)Tj T* (and his wares were earned into a certain outhouse. There he unpacked his merchandise, showed it to)Tj T* (Orm and the housemen, and bade Orm take therefrom such things as he would. Orm accepted the)Tj T* (offer, and pronounced Einar to be a goodly gallant traveller, and a great favourite of fortune. When)Tj T* (now they were busy with the wares, a woman passed before the door of the outhouse.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Einar inquired of Orm who that fair woman might be, passing before the door. "I have not seen her)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (here before," said he.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ("That is Gudrid, my foster-child," said Orm, "daughter of Thorbjorn the franklin, from Laugarbrekka.")Tj T* ("She must be a good match," said Einar; "surely she has not been without suitors who have made)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (proposals for her, has she?")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Orm answered, "Proposals have certainly been made, friend, but this treasure is not to be had for the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (picking up; it is found that she will be particular in her choice, as well as also her father.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD ("Well, in spite of that," quoth Einar, "she is the woman whom I have it in my mind to propose for, and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (I wish that in this suit of mine you approach her father on my part, and apply yourself to plead)Tj T* (diligently for me, for which I shall pay you in return a perfect friendship. The franklin, Thorbjorn, may)Tj T* (reflect that our families would be suitably joined in the bonds of affinity; for he is a man in a position)Tj T* (of great honour, and owns a fine abode, but his personal property, I am told, is greatly on the decrease;)Tj T* (neither I nor my father lack lands or personal property; and if this alliance should be brought about, the)Tj T* (greatest assistance would accrue to Thorbjorn.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then answered Orm, "Of a surety I consider myself to be thy friend, and yet am I not willing to bring)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (forward this suit, for Thorbjorn is of a proud mind, and withal a very ambitious man.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Einar replied that he desired no other thing than that his offer of marriage should be made known. Orm)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (then consented to undertake his suit, and Einar journeyed south again until he came home.)Tj ET endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Length 4043 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (A while after, Thorbjorn had a harvest-feast, as he was bound to have because of his great rank. There)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (were present Orm, from Arnarstapi, and many other friends of Thorbjorn.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Orm entered into conversation with Thorbjorn, and told him how that Einar had lately been to see him)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (from Thorgeirsfjall, and was become a promising man. He now began the wooing on behalf of Einar,)Tj T* (and said that an alliance between the families would be very suitable on account of certain interests.)Tj T* ("There may arise to thee, franklin," he said, "great assistance in thy means from this alliance.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (But Thorbjorn answered, "I did not expect the like proposal from thee, that I should give my daughter)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (in marriage to the son of a thrall. And so thou perceivest that my substance is decreasing; well, then,)Tj T* (my daughter shall not go home with thee, since thou considerest her worthy of so poor a match.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then went Orm home again, and each of the other guests to his own household, and Gudrid remained)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (with her father, and stayed at home that winter.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Now, in the spring, Thorbjorn made a feast to his friends, and a goodly banquet was prepared. There)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (came many guests, and the banquet was of the best. Now, at the banquet, Thorbjorn called for a)Tj T* (hearing, and thus spake: - "Here have I dwelt a long time. I have experienced the goodwill of men and)Tj T* (their affection towards me, and I consider that our dealings with one another have been mutually)Tj T* (agreeable. But now do my money matters begin to bring me uneasiness, although to this time my)Tj T* (condition has not been reckoned contemptible. I wish, therefore, to break up my household before I)Tj T* (lose my honour; to remove from the country before I disgrace my family. So now I purpose to look)Tj T* (after the promises of Eirik the Red, my friend, which he made when we separated at Breidafjordr. I)Tj T* (purpose to depart for Greenland in the summer, if events proceed as I could wish.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (These tidings about this design appeared to the guests to be important, for Thorbjorn had long been)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (beloved by his friends. They felt that he would only have made so public a declaration that it might be)Tj T* (held of no avail to attempt to dissuade him from his purpose. Thorbjorn distributed gifts among the)Tj T* (guests, and then the feast was brought to an end, and they departed to their own homesteads.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Thorbjorn sold his lands, and bought a ship which had been laid up on shore at the mouth of the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Hraunhofn \(harbour of the lava field\). Thirty men ventured on the expedition with him. There was)Tj T* (Orm, from Arnarstapi, and his wife, and those friends of Thorbjorn who did not wish to be separated)Tj T* (from him.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then they launched the ship, and set sail with a favourable wind. But when they came out into the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (open sea the favourable wind ceased, and they experienced great gales, and made but an ill-sped)Tj T* (voyage throughout the summer. In addition to that trouble, there came fever upon the expedition, and)Tj T* (Orm died, and Halldis, his wife, and half the company. Then the sea waxed rougher, and they endured)Tj T* (much toil and misery in many ways, and only reached Herjolfsnes, in Greenland, at the very beginning)Tj T* (of winter.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (There dwelt at Herjolfsnes the man who was called Thorkell. He was a useful man and most worthy)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (franklin. He received Thorbjorn and all his ship’s company for the winter, assisting them in right noble)Tj T* (fashion. This pleased Thorbjorn well and his companions in the voyage.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 146.6004 Tm (Chapter 4)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 122.4004 Tm (At that time there was a great dearth in Greenland; those who had been out on fishing expeditions had)Tj T* (caught little, and some had not returned.)Tj ET endstream endobj 19 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Length 4274 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (There was in the settlement the woman whose name was Thorbjorg. She was a prophetess)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (\(spae-queen\), and was called Litilvolva \(little sybil\). She had had nine sisters, and they were all)Tj T* (spae-queens, and she was the only one now living.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (It was a custom of Thorbjorg, in the winter time, to make a circuit, and people invited her to their)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (houses, especially those who had any curiosity about the season, or desired to know their fate; and)Tj T* (inasmuch as Thorkell was chief franklin thereabouts, he considered that it concerned him to know)Tj T* (when the scarcity which overhung the settlement should cease. He invited, therefore, the spae-queen to)Tj T* (his house, and prepared for her a hearty welcome, as was the custom whereever a reception was)Tj T* (accorded a woman of this kind. A high seat was prepared for her, and a cushion laid thereon in which)Tj T* (were poultry-feathers.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Now, when she came in the evening, accompanied by the man who had been sent to meet her, she was)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (dressed in such wise that she had a blue mantle over her, with strings for the neck, and it was inlaid)Tj T* (with gems quite down to the skirt. On her neck she had glass beads. On her head she had a black hood)Tj T* (of lambskin, lined with ermine. A staff she had in her hand, with a knob thereon; it was ornamented)Tj T* (with brass, and inlaid with gems round about the knob. Around her she wore a girdle of soft hair, and)Tj T* (therein was a large skin-bag, in which she kept the talismans needful to her in her wisdom. She wore)Tj T* (hairy calf-skin shoes on her feet, with long and strong-looking thongs to them, and great knobs of)Tj T* (latten at the ends. On her hands she had gloves of ermine-skin, and they were white and hairy within.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Now, when she entered, all men thought it their bounden duty to offer her becoming greetings, and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (these she received according as the men were agreeable to her. The franklin Thorkell took the)Tj T* (wise-woman by the hand, and led her to the seat prepared for her. He requested her to cast her eyes)Tj T* (over his herd, his household, and his homestead. She remained silent altogether.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (During the evening the tables were set; and now I must tell you what food was made ready for the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (spae-queen. There was prepared for her porridge of kid’s milk, and hearts of all kinds of living)Tj T* (creatures there found were cooked for her. She had a brazen spoon, and a knife with a handle of)Tj T* (walrus-tusk, which was mounted with two rings of brass, and the point of it was broken off.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (When the tables were removed, the franklin Thorkell advanced to Thorbjorg and asked her how she)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (liked his homestead, or the appearance of the men; or how soon she would ascertain that which he had)Tj T* (asked, and which the men desired to know. She replied that she would not give answer before the)Tj T* (morning, after she had slept there for the night.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (And when the \(next\) day was far spent, the preparations were made for her which she required for the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (exercise of her enchantments. She begged them to bring to her those women who were acquainted)Tj T* (with the lore needed for the exercise of the enchantments, and which is known by the name of)Tj T* (Weird-songs, but no such women came forward. Then was search made throughout the homestead if)Tj T* (any woman were so learned.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then answered Gudrid, "I am not skilled in deep learning, nor am I a wise-woman, although Halldis,)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (my foster-mother, taught me, in Iceland, the lore which she called Weird-songs.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD ("Then art thou wise in good season," answered Thorbjorg; but Gudrid replied, "That lore and the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (ceremony are of such a kind, that I purpose to be of no assistance therein, because I am a Christian )Tj T* (woman.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then answered Thorbjorg, "Thou mightest perchance afford thy help to the men in this company, and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (yet be none the worse woman than thou wast before; but to Thorkell give I charge to provide here the)Tj T* (things that are needful.")Tj ET endstream endobj 22 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 24 0 obj << /Length 4127 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (Thorkell thereupon urged Gudrid to consent, and she yielded to his wishes. The women formed a ring)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (round about, and Thorbjorg ascended the scaffold and the seat prepared for her enchantments. Then)Tj T* (sang Gudrid the weird-song in so beautiful and excellent a manner, that to no one there did it seem that)Tj T* (he had ever before heard the song in voice so beautiful as now.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (The spae-queen thanked her for the song. "Many spirits," said she, "have been present under its charm,)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (and were pleased to listen to the song, who before would turn away from us, and grant us no such)Tj T* (homage. And now are many things clear to me which before were hidden both from me and others.)Tj T* (And I am able this to say, that the dearth will last no longer, the season improving as spring advances.)Tj T* (The epidemic of fever which has long oppressed us will disappear quicker than we could have hoped.)Tj T* (And thee, Gudrid, will I recompense straightway, for that aid of thine which has stood us in good)Tj T* (stead; because thy destiny is now clear to me, and foreseen. Thou shalt make a match here in)Tj T* (Greenland, a most honourable one, though it will not be a long-lived one for thee, because thy way lies)Tj T* (out to Iceland; and there, shall arise from thee a line of descendants both numerous and goodly, and)Tj T* (over the branches of thy family shall shine a bright ray. And so fare thee now well and happily, my )Tj T* (daughter.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Afterwards the men went to the wise-woman, and each enquired after what he was most curious to)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (know. She was also liberal of her replies, and what she said proved true. After this came one from)Tj T* (another homestead after her, and she then went there. Thorbjorn was invited, because he did not wish)Tj T* (to remain at home while such heathen worship was performing.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (The weather soon improved when once spring began, as Thorbjorg had said, Thorbjorn made ready his)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (ship, and went on until he came to Brattahlid \(the steep slope\). Eirik received him with the utmost)Tj T* (cordiality, saying he had done well to come there. Thorbjorn and his family were with him during the)Tj T* (winter. And in the following spring Eirik gave to Thorbjorn land at Stokknes, and handsome farm)Tj T* (buildings were there built for him, and he dwelt there afterwards.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 373.2 Tm (Chapter 5)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 349.0001 Tm (Eirik had a wife who was named Thjodhild, and two sons; the one was named Thorstein, and the other)Tj T* (Leif. These sons of Eirik were both promising men. Thorstein was then at home with his father; and)Tj T* (there was at that time no man in Greenland who was thought so highly of as he. Leif had sailed to)Tj T* (Norway, and was there with King Olaf Tryggvason.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Now, when Leif sailed from Greenland during the summer, he and his men were driven out of their)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (course to the Sudreyjar. They were slow in getting a favourable wind from this place, and they stayed)Tj T* (there a long time during the summer ... reaching Norway about harvest-tide.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (He joined the body-guard of King Olaf Tryggvason, and the king formed an excellent opinion of him,)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (and it appeared to him that Leif was a well-bred man. Once upon a time the king entered into)Tj T* (conversation with Leif, and asked him, "Dost thou purpose sailing to Greenland in summer?")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Leif answered, "I should wish so to do, if it is your will." The king replied, "I think it may well be so;)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (thou shalt go my errand, and preach Christianity in Greenland.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Leif said that he was willing to undertake it, but that, for himself, he considered that message a)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (difficult one to proclaim in Greenland. But the king said that he knew no man who was better fitted for)Tj T* (the work than he. "And thou shalt carry," said he, "good luck with thee in it." "That can only be," said)Tj T* (Leif, "if I carry yours with me.")Tj ET endstream endobj 25 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 4460 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (Leif set sail as soon as he was ready. He was tossed about a long time out at sea, and lighted upon)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (lands of which before he had no expectation. There were fields of wild wheat, and the vine-tree in full)Tj T* (growth. There were also the trees which were called maples; and they gathered of all this certain)Tj T* (tokens; some trunks so large that they were used in house-building. Leif came upon men who had been)Tj T* (shipwrecked, and took them home with him, and gave them sustenance during the winter. Thus did he)Tj T* (show his great munificence and his graciousness when he brought Christianity to the land, and saved)Tj T* (the shipwrecked crew. He was called Leif the Lucky.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Leif reached land in Eiriksfjordr, and proceeded home to Brattahlid. The people received him gladly.)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (He soon after preached Christianity and catholic truth throughout the land, making known to the)Tj T* (people the message of King Olaf Tryggvason; and declaring how many renowned deeds and what)Tj T* (great glory accompanied this faith. Eirik took coldly to the proposal to forsake his religion, but his)Tj T* (wife, Thjodhild, promptly yielded, and caused a church to be built not very near the houses. The)Tj T* (building was called Thjodhild’s Church; in that spot she offered her prayers, and so did those men who)Tj T* (received Christ, and they were many. After she accepted the faith, Thjodhild would have no)Tj T* (intercourse with Eirik, and this was a great trial to his temper.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (After this there was much talk about making ready to go[17] to the land which Leif had discovered.)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Thorstein, Eirik’s son, was chief mover in this, a worthy man, wise and much liked. Eirik was also)Tj T* (asked to go, and they believed that his luck and foresight would be of the highest use. He was [for a)Tj T* (long time against it, but did not say nay], when his friends exhorted him to go. They made ready the)Tj T* (ship which Thorbjorn had brought there, and there were twenty men who undertook to start in her.)Tj T* (They had little property, but chiefly weapons and food. On the morning when Eirik left home he took a)Tj T* (little box, which had in it gold and silver; he hid the money, and then went forth on his journey.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (He had proceeded, however, but a little way, when he fell from his horse, and broke his ribs and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (injured his shoulder, and cried out, "Aiai!" At this accident he sent word to his wife that she should)Tj T* (take away the money that he had hidden, declaring his misfortune to be a penalty paid on account of)Tj T* (having hid the money. Afterwards they sailed away out of Eiriksfjordr with gladness, as their plan)Tj T* (seemed to promise success. They were driven about for a long time on the open sea, and came not into)Tj T* (the track which they desired. They came in sight of Iceland, and also met with birds from the coast of)Tj T* (Ireland. Then was their ship tossed to and fro on the sea. They returned about harvest-tide, worn out by)Tj T* (toil and much exhausted, and reached Eiriksfjordr at the beginning of winter.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then spake Eirik, "You were in better spirits in the summer, when you went forth out of the firth, than)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (you are in now, and yet for all that there is much to be thankful for." Thorstein replied, "It is a)Tj T* (chieftain’s duty now to look after some arrangement for these men who are without shelter, and to find)Tj T* (them food." Eirik answered, "That is an ever-true saying, ’You know not until you have got your)Tj T* (answer.’ I will now take thy counsel about this." All those who had no other abodes were to go with)Tj T* (the father and the son. Then came they to land, and went forth home.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 203.8002 Tm (Chapter 6)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 179.6002 Tm (Now, after this, I have to tell you how Thorstein, Eirik’s son, began wooing Gudrid, Thorbjorn’s)Tj T* (daughter. To his proposals a favourable answer was given, both by the maid herself, and also by her)Tj T* (father. The marriage was also arranged, so that Thorstein went to take possession of his bride, and the)Tj T* (bridal feast was held at Brattahlid in the autumn. The banquet went off well, and was numerously)Tj T* (attended. Thorstein owned a homestead in the Vestribygd on the estate known as Lysufjordr \(shining )Tj T* (firth\).)Tj ET endstream endobj 28 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 30 0 obj << /Length 4570 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (The man who was called Thorstein owned the other half of the homestead. His wife was called Sigrid.)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Thorstein went, during the autumn, to Lysufjordr, to his namesake, both he and Gudrid. Their)Tj T* (reception was a welcome one. They were there during the winter. When little of the winter was past,)Tj T* (the event happened there that fever broke out on their estate. The overseer of the work was named)Tj T* (Garth. He was an unpopular man. He took the fever first and died. Afterwards, and with but little)Tj T* (intermission, one took the fever after another and died. Then Thorstein, Eirik’s son, fell ill, and also)Tj T* (Sigrid, the wife of his namesake Thorstein. And one evening Sigrid left the house, and rested awhile)Tj T* (opposite the outer door; and Gudrid accompanied her; and they looked back towards the outer door,)Tj T* (and Sigrid screamed out aloud.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Gudrid said, "We have come forth unwarily, and thou canst in no wise withstand the cold; let us even)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (go home as quickly as possible." "It is not safe as matters are," answered Sigrid. "There is all that)Tj T* (crowd of dead people before the door; Thorstein, thy husband, also, and myself, I recognise among)Tj T* (them, and it is a grief thus to behold." And when this passed away, she said, "Let us now go, Gudrid; I)Tj T* (see the crowd no longer.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Thorstein, Eirik’s son, had also disappeared from her sight; he had seemed to have a whip in his hand,)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (and to wish to smite the ghostly troop. Afterwards they went in, and before morning came she was)Tj T* (dead, and a coffin was prepared for the body. Now, the same day, the men purposed to go out fishing,)Tj T* (and Thorstein led them to the landing places, and in the early morning he went to see what they had )Tj T* (caught.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then Thorstein, Eirik’s son, sent word to his namesake to come to him, saying that matters at home)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (were hardly quiet; that the housewife was endeavouring to rise to her feet and to get under the clothes)Tj T* (beside him. And when he was come in she had risen upon the edge of the bed. Then took he her by the)Tj T* (hands and laid a pole-axe upon her breast. Thorstein, Eirik’s son, died near nightfall. Thorstein, the)Tj T* (franklin, begged Gudrid to lie down and sleep, saying that he would watch over the body during the)Tj T* (night. So she did, and when a little of the night was past, Thorstein, Eirik’s son, sat up and spake,)Tj T* (saying he wished Gudrid to be called to him, and that he wished to speak with her.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ("God wills," he said, "that this hour be given to me for my own, and the further completion of my)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (plan." Thorstein, the franklin, went to find Gudrid, and waked her; begged her to cross herself, and to)Tj T* (ask God for help, and told her what Thorstein, Eirik’s son, had spoken with him; "and he wishes," said)Tj T* (he, "to meet with thee. Thou art obliged to consider what plan thou wilt adopt, because I can in this)Tj T* (issue advise thee in nowise.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (She answered, "It may be that this, this wonderful thing, has regard to certain matters, which are)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (afterwards to be had in memory; and I hope that God’s keeping will test upon me, and I will, with)Tj T* (God’s grace, undertake the risk and go to him, and know what he will say, for I shall not be able to)Tj T* (escape if harm must happen to me. I am far from wishing that he should go elsewhere; I suspect,)Tj T* (moreover, that the matter will be a pressing one.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then went Gudrid and saw Thorstein. He appeared to her as if shedding tears. He spake in her ear, in a)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (low voice, certain words which she alone might know; but this he said so that all heard, "That those)Tj T* (men would be blessed who held the true faith, and that all salvation and mercy accompanied it; and)Tj T* (that many, nevertheless, held it lightly.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD ("Itis," said he, "no good custom which has prevailed here in Greenland since Christianity came, to)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (bury men in unconsecrated ground with few religious rites over them. I wish for myself, and for those)Tj T* (other men who have died, to be taken to the church; but for Garth, I wish him to be burned on a funeral)Tj T* (pile as soon as may be, for he is the cause of all those ghosts which have been among us this winter.")Tj T* (He spake to Gudrid also about her own state, saying that her destiny would be a great one, and begged)Tj ET endstream endobj 31 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 33 0 obj << /Length 3643 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (her to beware of marrying Greenland men. He begged her also to pay over their property to the Church)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (and some to the poor; and then he sank down for the second time.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (It had been a custom in Greenland, after Christianity was brought there, to bury men in unconsecrated)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (ground on the farms where they died. An upright stake was placed over a body, and when the priests)Tj T* (came afterwards to the place, then was the stake pulled out, consecrated water poured therein, and a)Tj T* (funeral service held, though it might be long after the burial.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (The bodies were removed to the church in Eiriksfjordr, and funeral services held by the priests.
)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (After that died Thorbjorn. The whole property then went to Gudrid. Eirik received her into his)Tj T* (household, and looked well after her stores.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 582.2002 Tm (Chapter 7)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 558.0002 Tm (There was a man named Thorfinn Karlsefni, son of Thord Horsehead, who dwelt in the north \(of)Tj T* (Iceland\), at Reynines in Skagafjordr, as it is now called. Karlsefni was a man of good family, and very)Tj T* (rich. His mother’s name was Thorun. He engaged in trading journeys, and seemed a goodly, bold, and)Tj T* (gallant traveller.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (One summer Karlsefni prepared his ship, intending to go to Greenland. Snorri, Thorbrand’s son, from)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Alptafjordr, resolved to travel with him, and there were thirty men in the company.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (There was a man named Bjarni, Grimolf’s son, a man of Breidafjordr \(Broadfirth\); another called)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Thorhall, son of Gamli, a man from the east of Iceland. They prepared their ship the very same)Tj T* (summer as Karlsefni, with intent also to go to Greenland. They had in the ship forty men.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (The two ships launched out into the open sea as soon as they were ready. It is not recorded how long a)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (voyage they had. But, after this, I have to tell you that both these ships came to Eiriksfjordr about )Tj T* (autumn.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Eirik rode down to the ships with other men of the land, and a market-fair was promptly instituted. The)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (captains invited Gudrid to take such of the merchandise as she wished, and Eirik displayed on his part)Tj T* (much magnificence in return, inasmuch as he invited both these ships’ companies home with him to)Tj T* (pass the winter in Brattahlid. The merchants accepted the invitation, and went home with Eirik.)Tj T* (Afterwards their merchandise was removed to Brattahlid, where a good and large outhouse was not)Tj T* (lacking in which to store the goods. The merchants were well pleased to stay with Eirik during the )Tj T* (winter.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (When now Yule was drawing nigh, Eirik began to look more gloomy than he was wont to be.)Tj T* (Presently Karlsefni entered into conversation with him, and said, "Art thou in trouble, Eirik? it appears)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (to me that thou art somewhat more taciturn than thou hast been; still thou helpest us with much)Tj T* (liberality, and we are bound to reward thee according as we have means thereto. Say now what causes)Tj T* (thy cheerlessness.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Eirik answered, "You receive hospitality well, and like worthy men. Now, I have no mind that our)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (intercourse together should be expensive to you; but so it is, that it will seem to me an ill thing if it is)Tj T* (heard that you never spent a worse Yule than this, just now beginning, when Eirik the Red entertained)Tj T* (you at Brattahlid, in Greenland.")Tj ET endstream endobj 34 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 4375 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (Karlsefni answered, "It must not come to such a pass; we have in our ships malt, meal, and corn, and)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (you have right and title to take therefrom whatever you wish, and to make your entertainment such as)Tj T* (consorts with your munificence.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (And Eirik accepted the offer. Then was preparation made for the Yule-feast, and so magnificent was it)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (that the men thought they had scarcely ever seen so grand a feast.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (And after Yule, Karlsefni broached to Eirik the subject of a marriage with Gudrid, which he thought)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (might be under Eirik’s control, and the woman appeared to him to be both beautiful and of excellent)Tj T* (understanding. Eirik answered and said, that for his part he would willingly undertake his suit, and)Tj T* (said, moreover, that she was worthy of a good match. It is also likely, he thought, that she will be)Tj T* (following out her destiny, should she be given to him; and, moreover, the report which comes to me of)Tj T* (him is good.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (The proposals were now laid before her, and she allowed the marriage with her to be arranged which)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Eirik wished to promote. However, I will not now speak at length how this marriage took place; the)Tj T* (Yule festival was prolonged and made into a marriage-feast. Great joy was there in Brattahlid during)Tj T* (the winter. Much playing at backgammon and telling of stories went on, and many things were done)Tj T* (that ministered to the comfort of the household.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 478.8001 Tm (Chapter 8)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 454.6001 Tm (During this time much talk took place in Brattahlid about making ready to go to Vinland the Good,)Tj T* (and it was asserted that they would there find good choice lands. The discourse came to such)Tj T* (conclusion that Karlsefni and Snorri prepared their ship, with the intention of seeking Vinland during)Tj T* (the summer. Bjarni and Thorhall ventured on the same expedition, with their ship and the retinue)Tj T* (which had accompanied them.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (There was a man named Thorvard; he married Freydis, natural daughter of Eirik the Red; he set out)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (with them likewise, as also Thorvald, a son of Eirik.] There was a man named Thorvald; he was a)Tj T* (son-in-law of Eirik the Red. Thorhall was called the Sportsman; he had for a long time been Eirik’s)Tj T* (companion in hunting and fishing expeditions during the summers, and many things had been)Tj T* (committed to his keeping. Thorhall was a big man, dark, and of gaunt appearance; rather advanced in)Tj T* (years, overbearing in temper, of melancholy mood, silent at all times, underhand in his dealings, and)Tj T* (withal given to abuse, and always inclined towards the worst. He had kept himself aloof from the true)Tj T* (faith when it came to Greenland. He was but little encompassed with the love of friends, but yet Eirik)Tj T* (had long held conversation with him. He went in the ship with Thorvald and his man, because he was)Tj T* (widely acquainted with the unpeopled districts. They had the ship which Thorbjorn had brought to)Tj T* (Greenland, and they ventured on the expedition with Karlsefni and the others; and most of them in this)Tj T* (ship were Greenlanders. There were one hundred and sixty men in their ships.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (They sailed away from land; then to the Vestribygd and to Bjarneyjar \(the Bear Islands\). Thence they)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (sailed away from Bjarneyjar with northerly winds. They were out at sea two half-days. Then they)Tj T* (came to land, and rowed along it in boats, and explored it, and found there flat stones, many and so)Tj T* (great that two men might well lie on them stretched on their backs with heel to heel. Polar-foxes were)Tj T* (there in abundance. This land they gave name to, and called it Helluland \(stone-land\).)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then they sailed with northerly winds two half-days, and there was then land before them, and on it a)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (great forest and many wild beasts. An island lay in the south-east off the land, and they found bears)Tj T* (thereon, and called the island Bjarney \(Bear Island\); but the mainland, where the forest was, they)Tj T* (called Markland \(forest-land\). Then, when two half-days were passed, they saw land, and sailed under)Tj ET endstream endobj 37 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 41 0 obj << /Length 4894 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (it. There was a cape to which they came. They cruised along the land, leaving it on the starboard side.)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (There was a harbourless coast-land, and long sandy strands. They went to the land in boats, and found)Tj T* (the keel of a ship, and called the place Kjalar-nes \(Keelness\). They gave also name to the strands,)Tj T* (calling them Furdustrandir \(wonder-shore\), because it was tedious to sail by them.Then the coast)Tj T* (became indented with creeks, and they directed their ships along the creeks.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Now, before this, when Leif was with King Olaf Tryggvason, and the king had requested him to)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (preach Christianity in Greenland, he gave him two Scotch people, the man called Haki, and the woman)Tj T* (called Hækja. The king requested Leif to have recourse to these people if ever he should want)Tj T* (fleetness, because they were swifter than wild beasts. Eirik and Leif had got these people to go with)Tj T* (Karlsefni. Now, when they had sailed by Furdustrandir, they put the Scotch people on land, and)Tj T* (requested them to run into the southern regions, seek for choice land, and come back after three)Tj T* (half-days were passed. They were dressed in such wise that they had on the garment which they called)Tj T* (biafal. It was made with a hood at the top, open at the sides, without sleeves, and was fastened)Tj T* (between the legs. A button and a loop held it together there; and elsewhere they were without clothing.)Tj T* (Then did they cast anchors from the ships, and lay there to wait for them. And when three days were)Tj T* (expired the Scotch people leapt down from the land, and one of them had in his hand a bunch of)Tj T* (grapes, and the other an ear of wild wheat.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (They said to Karlsefni that they considered they had found good and choice land. Then they received)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (them into their ship, and proceeded on their journey to where the shore was cut into by a firth. They)Tj T* (directed the ships within the firth. There was an island lying out in front of the firth, and there were)Tj T* (great currents around the island, which they called Straums-ey \(Stream-island\). There were so many)Tj T* (birds on it that scarcely was it possible to put one’s feet down for the eggs. They continued their)Tj T* (course up the firth, which they called Straumsfjordr, and carried their cargo ashore from the ships, and)Tj T* (there they prepared to stay. They had with them cattle of all kinds, and for themselves they sought out)Tj T* (the produce of the land thereabout. There were mountains, and the place was fair to look upon.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (They gave no heed to anything except to explore the land, and they found large pastures. They)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (remained there during the winter, which happened to be a hard one, with no work doing; and they were)Tj T* (badly off for food, and the fishing failed. Then they went out to the island, hoping that something)Tj T* (might be got there from fishing or from what was drifted ashore. In that spot there was little, however,)Tj T* (to be got for food, but their cattle found good sustenance. After that they called upon God, praying that)Tj T* (He would send them some little store of meat, but their prayer was not so soon granted as they were)Tj T* (eager that it should be. Thorhall disappeared from sight, and they went to seek him, and sought for)Tj T* (three half-days continuously.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (On the fourth half-day Karlsefni and Bjarni found him on the peak of a crag. He lay with his face to)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (the sky, with both eyes and mouth and nostrils wide open, clawing and pinching himself, and reciting)Tj T* (something. They asked why he had come there. He replied that it was of no importance; begged them)Tj T* (not to wonder thereat; as for himself, he had lived so long, they needed not to take any account of him.)Tj T* (They begged him to go home with them, and he did so. A little while after a whale was driven ashore,)Tj T* (and the men crowded round it, and cut it up, and still they knew not what kind of whale it was. Even)Tj T* (Karlsefni recognised it not, though he had great knowledge of whales. It was cooked by the cook-boys,)Tj T* (and they ate thereof; though bad effects came upon all from it afterwards.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then began Thorhall, and said, "Has it not been that the Redbeard has proved a better friend than your)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Christ? this was my gift for the poetry which I composed about Thor, my patron; seldom has he failed)Tj T* (me." Now, when the men knew that, none of them would eat of it, and they threw it down from the)Tj T* (rocks, and turned with their supplications to God’s mercy. Then was granted to them opportunity of)Tj T* (fishing, and after that there was no lack of food that spring. They went back again from the island,)Tj ET endstream endobj 42 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 44 0 obj << /Length 4039 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (within Straumsfjordr, and obtained food from both sides; from hunting on the mainland, and from)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (gathering eggs and from fishing on the side of the sea.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 696.6 Tm (Chapter 9)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 672.4 Tm (When summer was at hand they discussed about their journey, and made an arrangement. Thorhall the)Tj T* (Sportsman wished to proceed northwards along Furdustrandir, and off Kjalarnes, and so seek Vinland;)Tj T* (but Karlsefni desired to proceed southwards along the land and away from the east, because the land)Tj T* (appeared to him the better the further south he went, and he thought it also more advisable to explore)Tj T* (in both directions. Then did Thorhall make ready for his journey out by the islands, and there)Tj T* (volunteered for the expedition with him not more than nine men; but with Karlsefni there went the)Tj T* (remainder of the company. And one day, when Thorhall was carrying water to his ship, he drank, and)Tj T* (recited this verse:)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ("The clashers of weapons did say when I came here that I should have the best of drink \(though it)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (becomes me not to complain before the common people\). Eager God of the war-helmet! I am made to)Tj T* (raise the bucket; wine has not moistened my beard, rather do I kneel at the fountain.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Afterwards they put to sea, and Karlsefni accompanied them by the island. Before they hoisted sail)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (Thorhall recited a verse:)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ("Go we back where our countrymen are. Let us make the skilled hawk of the sand-heaven explore the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (broad ship-courses; while the dauntless rousers of the sword-storm, who praise the land, and cook)Tj T* (whale, dwell on Furdustrandir.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then they left, and sailed northwards along Furdustrandir and Kjalarnes, and attempted there to sail)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (against a wind from the west. A gale came upon them, however, and drove them onwards against)Tj T* (Ireland, and there were they severely treated, enthralled, and beaten. Then Thorhall lost his life.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 356.8002 Tm (Chapter 10)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 332.6002 Tm (Karlsefni proceeded southwards along the land, with Snorri and Bjarni and the rest of the company.)Tj T* (They journeyed a long while, and until they arrived at a river, which came down from the land and fell)Tj T* (into a lake, and so on to the sea. There were large islands off the mouth of the river, and they could not)Tj T* (come into the river except at high flood-tide.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Karlsefni and his people sailed to the mouth of the river, and called the land Hop. There they found)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (fields of wild wheat wherever there were low grounds; and the vine in all places were there was rough)Tj T* (rising ground. Every rivulet there was full of fish. They made holes where the land and water joined)Tj T* (and where the tide went highest; and when it ebbed they found halibut in the holes. There was great)Tj T* (plenty of wild animals of every form in the wood. They were there half a month, amusing themselves,)Tj T* (and not becoming aware of anything. Their cattle they had with them. And early one morning, as they)Tj T* (looked around, they beheld nine canoes made of hides, and snout-like staves were being brandished)Tj T* (from the boats, and they made a noise like flails, and twisted round in the direction of the sun’s )Tj T* (motion.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then Karlsefni said, "What will this betoken?" Snorri answered him, "It may be that it is a token of)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (peace; let us take a white shield and go to meet them." And so they did. Then did they in the canoes)Tj T* (row forwards, and showed surprise at them, and came to land. They were short men, ill-looking, with)Tj T* (their hair in disorderly fashion on their heads; they were large-eyed, and had broad cheeks. And they)Tj T* (stayed there awhile in astonishment. Afterwards they rowed away to the south, off the headland.)Tj ET endstream endobj 45 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 47 0 obj << /Length 4530 >> stream BT /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 736.6 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (Chapter 11)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 712.4 Tm (They had built their settlements up above the lake. And some of the dwellings were well within the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (land, but some were near the lake. Now they remained there that winter. They had no snow whatever,)Tj T* (and all their cattle went out to graze without keepers.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Now when spring began, they beheld one morning early, that a fleet of hide-canoes was rowing from)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (the south off the headland; so many were they as if the sea were strewn with pieces of charcoal, and)Tj T* (there was also the brandishing of staves as before from each boat. Then they held shields up, and a)Tj T* (market was formed between them; and this people in their purchases preferred red cloth; in exchange)Tj T* (they had furs to give, and skins quite grey. They wished also to buy swords and lances, but Karlsefni)Tj T* (and Snorri forbad it. They offered for the cloth dark hides, and took in exchange a span long of cloth,)Tj T* (and bound it round their heads; and so matters went on for a while. But when the stock of cloth began)Tj T* (to grow small, then they split it asunder, so that it was not more than a finger’s breadth. The)Tj T* (Skrælingar \(Esquimaux\) gave for it still quite as much, or more than before.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 522.2001 Tm (Chapter 12)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 498.0002 Tm (Now it came to pass that a bull, which belonged to Karlsefni’s people, rushed out of the wood and)Tj T* (bellowed loudly at the same time. The Skrælingar, frightened thereat, rushed away to their canoes, and)Tj T* (rowed south along the coast. There was then nothing seen of them for three weeks together. When that)Tj T* (time was gone by, there was seen approaching from the south a great crowd of Skrælingar boats,)Tj T* (coming down upon them like a stream, the staves this time being all brandished in the direction)Tj T* (opposite to the sun’s motion, and the Skrælingar were all howling loudly. Then took they and bare red)Tj T* (shields to meet them. They encountered one another and fought, and there was a great shower of)Tj T* (missiles. The Skrælingar had also war-slings, or catapults.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then Karlsefni and Snorri see that the Skrælingar are bringing up poles, with a very large ball attached)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (to each, to be compared in size to a sheep’s stomach, dark in colour; and these flew over Karlsefni’s)Tj T* (company towards the land, and when they came down they struck the ground with a hideous noise.)Tj T* (This produced great terror in Karlsefni and his company, so that their only impulse was to retreat up)Tj T* (the country along the river, because it seemed as if crowds of Skrælingar were driving at them from all)Tj T* (sides. And they stopped not until they came to certain crags. There they offered them stern resistance.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Freydis came out and saw how they were retreating. She called out, "Why run you away from such)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (worthless creatures, stout men that ye are, when, as seems to me likely, you might slaughter them like)Tj T* (so many cattle? Let me but have a weapon, I think I could fight better than any of you." They gave no)Tj T* (heed to what she said. Freydis endeavoured to accompany them, still she soon lagged behind, because)Tj T* (she was not well; she went after them into the wood, and the Skrælingar directed their pursuit after her.)Tj T* (She came upon a dead man; Thorbrand, Snorri’s son, with a flat stone fixed in his head; his sword lay)Tj T* (beside him, so she took it up and prepared to defend herself therewith.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then came the Skrælingar upon her. She let down her sark and struck her breast with the naked sword.)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (At this they were frightened, rushed off to their boats, and fled away. Karlsefni and the rest came up to)Tj T* (her and praised her zeal. Two of Karlsefni’s men fell, and four of the Skrælingar, notwithstanding they)Tj T* (had overpowered them by superior numbers. After that, they proceeded to their booths, and began to)Tj T* (reflect about the crowd of men which attacked them upon the land; it appeared to them now that the)Tj T* (one troop will have been that which came in the boats, and the other troop will have been a delusion of)Tj T* (sight. The Skrælingar also found a dead man, and his axe lay beside him. One of them struck a stone)Tj T* (with it, and broke the axe. It seemed to them good for nothing, as it did not withstand the stone, and)Tj ET endstream endobj 48 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 50 0 obj << /Length 4449 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (they threw it down.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 709.8 Tm (Chapter 13)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 685.6 Tm ([Karlsefni and his company] were now of opinion that though the land might be choice and good, there)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (would be always war and terror overhanging them, from those who dwelt there before them. They)Tj T* (made ready, therefore, to move away, with intent to go to their own land. They sailed forth)Tj T* (northwards, and found five Skrælingar in jackets of skin, sleeping [near the sea], and they had with)Tj T* (them a chest, and in it was marrow of animals mixed with blood; and they considered that these must)Tj T* (have been outlawed. They slew them. Afterwards they came to a headland and a multitude of wild)Tj T* (animals; and this headland appeared as if it might be a cake of cow-dung, because the animals passed)Tj T* (the winter there. Now they came to Straumsfjordr, where also they had abundance of all kinds. It is)Tj T* (said by some that Bjarni and Freydis remained there, and a hundred men with them, and went not)Tj T* (further away. But Karlsefni and Snorri journeyed southwards, and forty men with them, and after)Tj T* (staying no longer than scarcely two months at Hop, had come back the same summer. Karlsefni set out)Tj T* (with a single ship to seek Thorhall, but the \(rest of the\) company remained behind. He and his people)Tj T* (went northwards off Kjalarnes, and were then borne onwards towards the west, and the land lay on)Tj T* (their larboard-side, and was nothing but wilderness. And when they had proceeded for a long time,)Tj T* (there was a river which came down from the land, flowing from the east towards the west. They)Tj T* (directed their course within the river’s mouth, and lay opposite the southern bank.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 453.6001 Tm (Chapter 14)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 429.4001 Tm (One morning Karlsefni’s people beheld as it were a glittering speak above the open space in front of)Tj T* (them, and they shouted at it. It stirred itself, and it was a being of the race of men that have only one)Tj T* (foot, and he came down quickly to where they lay. Thorvald, son of Eirik the Red, sat at the tiller, and)Tj T* (the One-footer shot him with an arrow in the lower abdomen. He drew out the arrow. Then said)Tj T* (Thorvald, "Good land have we reached, and fat is it about the paunch." Then the One-footer leapt)Tj T* (away again northwards. They chased after him, and saw him occasionally, but it seemed as if he would)Tj T* (escape them. He disappeared at a certain creek. Then they turned back, and one man spake this ditty:)Tj 0 -2.2 TD ("Our men chased \(all true it is\) a One-footer down to the shore; but the wonderful man strove hard in)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (the race.... Hearken, Karlsefni.")Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Then they journeyed away back again northwards, and saw, as they thought, the land of the)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (One-footers. They wished, however, no longer to risk their company. They conjectured the mountains)Tj T* (to be all one range; those, that is, which were at Hop, and those which they now discovered; almost)Tj T* (answering to one another; and it was the same distance to them on both sides from Straumsfjordr.)Tj T* (They journeyed back, and were in Straumsfjordr the third winter. Then fell the men greatly into)Tj T* (backsliding. They who were wifeless pressed their claims at the hands of those who were married.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (Snorri, Karlsefni’s son, was born the first autumn, and he was three winters old when they began their)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (journey home. Now, when they sailed from Vinland, they had a southern wind, and reached Markland,)Tj T* (and found five Skrælingar; one was a bearded man, two were women, two children. Karlsefni’s people)Tj T* (caught the children, but the others escaped and sunk down into the earth. And they took the children)Tj T* (with them, and taught them their speech, and they were baptized. The children called their mother)Tj T* (Vætilldi, and their father Uvægi. They said that kings ruled over the land of the Skrælingar, one of)Tj T* (whom was called Avalldamon, and the other Valldidida. They said also that there were no houses, and)Tj T* (the people lived in caves or holes. They said, moreover, that there was a land on the other side over)Tj T* (against their land, and the people there were dressed in white garments, uttered loud cries, bare long)Tj ET endstream endobj 51 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 4 0 R /TT4 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 5 0 R >> >> endobj 53 0 obj << /Length 3404 >> stream BT /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 743.8 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (poles, and wore fringes. This was supposed to be Hvitramannaland \(whiteman’s land\). Then came they)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (to Greenland, and remained with Eirik the Red during the winter.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 696.6 Tm (Chapter 15)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 672.4 Tm (Bjarni, Grimolf’s son, and his men were carried into the Irish Ocean, and came into a part where the)Tj T* (sea was infested by ship-worms. They did not find it out before the ship was eaten through under)Tj T* (them; then they debated what plan they should follow. They had a ship’s boat which was smeared with)Tj T* (tar made of seal-fat. It is said that the ship-worm will not bore into the wood which has been smeared)Tj T* (with the seal-tar. The counsel and advice of most of the men was to ship into the boat as many men as)Tj T* (it would hold. Now, when that was tried, the boat held not more than half the men. Then Bjarni)Tj T* (advised that it should be decided by the casting of lots, and not by the rank of the men, which of them)Tj T* (should go into the boat; and inasmuch as every man there wished to go into the boat, though it could)Tj T* (not hold all of them; therefore, they accepted the plan to cast lots who should leave the ship for the)Tj T* (boat. And the lot so fell that Bjarni, and nearly half the men with him, were chosen for the boat. So)Tj T* (then those left the ship and went into the boat who had been chosen by lot so to do.)Tj 0 -2.2 TD (And when the men were come into the boat, a young man, an Icelander, who had been a)Tj 0 -1.2 TD (fellow-traveller of Bjarni, said, "Dost thou intend, Bjarni, to separate thyself here from me." "It must)Tj T* (needs be so now," Bjarni answered. He replied, "Because, in such case, thou didst not so promise me)Tj T* (when I set out from Iceland with thee from the homestead of my father." Bjarni answered, "I do not,)Tj T* (however, see here any other plan; but what plan dost thou suggest?" He replied, "I propose this plan,)Tj T* (that we two make a change in our places, and thou come here and I will go there." Bjarni answered,)Tj T* ("So shall it be; and this I see, that thou labourest willingly for life, and that it seems to thee a grievous)Tj T* (thing to face death." Then they changed places. The man went into the boat, and Bjarni back into the)Tj T* (ship; and it is said that Bjarni perished there in the Worm-sea, and they who were with him in the ship;)Tj T* (but the boat and those who were in it went on their journey until they reached land, and told this story )Tj T* (afterwards.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17 0 0 17 71 350.2002 Tm (Chapter 16)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 71 326.0002 Tm (The next summer Karlsefni set out for Iceland, and Snorri with him, and went home to his house in)Tj T* (Reynines. His mother considered that he had made a shabby match, and she was not at home the first)Tj T* (winter. But when she found that Gudrid was a lady without peer, she went home, and their intercourse)Tj T* (was happy. The daughter of Snorri, Karlsefni’s son, was Hallfrid, mother of Bishop Thorlak, the son)Tj T* (of Runolf. \(Hallfrid and Runolf\) had a son, whose name was Thorbjorn; his daughter was Thorun,)Tj T* (mother of Bishop Bjarn. Thorgeir was the name of a son of Snorri, Karlsefni’s son; he was father of)Tj T* (Yngvild, the mother of the first Bishop Brand. 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